Equipment Sterilization & Maintenance Key Terms
Master these terms for the EQSM domain. Terms are grouped by topic area.
Sterilization Methods
Steam sterilization (autoclave)
Sterilization using saturated steam under pressure; the most common method for heat- and moisture-stable instruments.
Gravity displacement cycle
A steam sterilization cycle relying on gravity to remove air as steam fills the chamber; typically 250-254°F for about 30 minutes.
Prevacuum (dynamic air removal) cycle
A steam sterilization cycle that actively removes air before introducing steam, allowing a shorter, hotter cycle (270-276°F, about 4 minutes).
Ethylene oxide (EtO)
A gas sterilization method for heat- and moisture-sensitive items; requires lengthy aeration due to toxicity.
Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
A low-temperature sterilization method using vaporized hydrogen peroxide; no toxic residue or aeration required.
Dry heat sterilization
Sterilization using prolonged high heat without moisture; used for oils, powders, and moisture-sensitive sharp instruments.
Immediate-use steam sterilization (flash)
An abbreviated steam cycle reserved for emergencies, not routine use.
Monitoring and Indicators
Biological indicator (BI)
A test containing live, resistant bacterial spores used to directly confirm sterilization efficacy - the gold standard monitor.
Chemical indicator (CI)
A device that changes color or state to confirm exposure to a sterilizing agent, without confirming actual sterility.
Mechanical (physical) monitor
Sterilizer gauges and printouts confirming correct cycle time, temperature, and pressure.
Class 5 integrating indicator
A chemical indicator designed to react to all critical sterilization parameters, closely correlating with biological indicator performance.
Cleaning and Decontamination
Point-of-use treatment
Keeping instruments moist and removing gross debris immediately after use, before transport to sterile processing.
Enzymatic cleaner
A cleaning solution using enzymes to break down organic debris (blood, tissue) on instruments.
Ultrasonic cleaner
A device using high-frequency sound waves in liquid to dislodge debris from instrument crevices and box locks.
Washer-disinfector
An automated machine that cleans and thermally disinfects instruments before sterilization.
Packaging and Storage
Event-related shelf life
The modern standard holding that a sterile package remains sterile indefinitely until its packaging integrity is compromised.
Peel pack
A sealed paper-plastic pouch used to package individual sterile items.
Rigid container system
A reusable, sealed hard container used to sterilize and transport instrument trays.
Wrapper (sterilization wrap)
Woven or nonwoven material used to wrap instrument trays before sterilization, maintaining sterility until opened.
Instrument Care and Equipment
Instrument inspection
Checking instruments for function, alignment, sharpness, and damage during assembly before sterilization.
Lumen
A hollow channel within an instrument (such as a suction tip) requiring special attention during cleaning and sterilization.
Preventive maintenance
Scheduled inspection and servicing of powered equipment to prevent failure and extend service life.
Manufacturer's Instructions for Use (IFU)
The validated processing instructions specific to an instrument or device, governing its approved cleaning and sterilization method.
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